How to Prevent Accidents on Snow and Ice Trails

Winter transforms mountain landscapes into beautiful, dramatic environments—but also into significantly more hazardous terrain. Snow and ice introduce new risks even on trails that are normally safe in summer. Slippery surfaces, hidden obstacles, unstable snowpack, rapid weather changes and reduced daylight require hikers to adapt their equipment, techniques and decision-making. Preventing accidents on snowy or icy trails begins with understanding winter-specific hazards and preparing accordingly. With the right knowledge and preparation, winter hiking can be a rewarding and safe experience.

Key Safety Principles and Common Risks

Snow and ice increase the likelihood of falls, exposure injuries and navigation errors. Some of the most common winter risks include:

• Slipping on ice-covered paths, especially during descents

• Hidden obstacles such as rocks, streams or holes under snow

• Avalanche-prone areas, even on moderate slopes

• Rapid loss of body heat, leading to hypothermia

• Poor visibility caused by snowfall, fog or low winter sun

• Navigation challenges, as trail markers may be buried or covered

• Shorter days, increasing the chance of being caught out after dark

Accidents in winter often occur due to inadequate equipment, underestimating trail conditions or relying solely on summer experience. Prevention requires adjusting behaviour and equipment to winter conditions.

Practical Advice & Prevention Strategies

Evaluate Winter Conditions Before You Go

Winter trails vary dramatically depending on recent weather.
Check:

• Snow depth and quality

• Avalanche bulletins

• Temperature and wind chill

• Ice formation on exposed sections

• Trail reports from local authorities

Avoid trails after heavy snowfall unless you are experienced. Cold temperatures combined with wind can create dangerous chill factors quickly.

Wear Proper Footwear and Traction

Standard hiking boots are not enough for icy terrain.
Essential traction equipment includes:

• Microspikes: ideal for icy paths, steep trails and compact snow

• Crampons: necessary for mountaineering routes and very steep icy slopes

• Waterproof boots with stiff soles to maintain stability

• Gaiters to prevent snow from entering the boots

Choosing the right traction reduces slip risk significantly.

Adjust Your Pace and Technique

Walking on snow and ice demands more caution:

• Take shorter, controlled steps

• Keep your centre of gravity low

• Use trekking poles for balance

• Descend slowly to avoid sliding

• Test the stability of snow before committing weight

Move consistently but never rush—most winter injuries occur when hikers pick up too much speed on descents.

Follow Safe Navigation Habits

Snow can obscure trails completely.
To stay oriented:

• Use GPS tracks and offline maps

• Pay attention to terrain features such as ridgelines and valleys

• Check your position frequently

• Turn back if markers disappear or visibility drops

Navigation mistakes in winter are harder to correct and often more dangerous.

Manage Cold Exposure

Winter conditions can cause rapid heat loss, even when you feel comfortable initially.
To prevent hypothermia:

• Wear insulating layers that stay warm when wet

• Use a windproof and waterproof shell

• Keep extremities protected with gloves and warm socks

• Avoid sweating too much—remove layers when ascending

Stop regularly to assess your temperature, especially during breaks when heat loss accelerates.

Understand Avalanche Basics

Not all winter trails are avalanche-prone, but many popular routes cross or approach risky slopes.
Key principles:

• Avoid slopes steeper than 30° in uncertain conditions

• Check daily avalanche forecasts

• Learn to recognise terrain traps such as gullies and bowls

• Do not rely on footprints from other hikers—they might have made unsafe decisions

For higher-risk routes, carrying an avalanche transceiver, probe and shovel (and knowing how to use them) is essential.

Plan for Shorter Daylight

Winter days are short, and dusk arrives faster than expected.
Prevent accidents by:

• Starting early

• Using a headlamp with spare batteries

• Setting turnaround times regardless of progress

• Estimating slower pace due to snow resistance

Never continue past dusk on unfamiliar snowy terrain—it significantly increases risk.

Essential Gear

For safe winter hiking, bring:

• Waterproof winter boots

• Microspikes or crampons

• Trekking poles

• Thermal base layers

• Insulating mid-layer (fleece or down)

• Waterproof shell

• Warm gloves and hat

• Gaiters

• Headlamp with extra batteries

• Map, compass and GPX track

• Emergency blanket and small first-aid kit

• High-energy food and hot drinks in a thermos

The right equipment is your primary defence against winter-related hazards.

Snow and ice amplify the beauty of mountain landscapes but also introduce challenges that require preparation, caution and respect. By understanding winter-specific risks, using proper traction, managing exposure and practising reliable navigation, hikers can enjoy winter trails safely. Winter hiking rewards those who prepare properly—offering quiet landscapes, crisp air and breathtaking views—while remaining safe through disciplined, informed decision-making.